@Article{SantiniSouzPezzSwar:2020:ObAiHe,
               author = "Santini, Marcelo Freitas and Souza, Ronald Buss de and Pezzi, 
                         Luciano Ponzi and Swart, Sebastiaan",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Gothenburg}",
                title = "Observations of air-sea heat fluxes in the southwestern Atlantic 
                         under high-frequency ocean and atmospheric perturbations",
              journal = "Quarterly Journal of The Royal Meteorological Society",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "146",
                pages = "4226--4251",
             keywords = "air–sea heat fluxes, Brazil-Malvinas confluence, southern 
                         Brazilian continental shelf, southwestern Atlantic Ocean.",
             abstract = "Turbulent airsea heat fluxes were computed from in situ 
                         high-frequency micrometeorological data during two research 
                         cruises performed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) 
                         occurring in June 2012 and October 2014. Two different and 
                         dynamical areas were covered by the cruises: the Brazil-Malvinas 
                         Confluence (BMC) and the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf 
                         (SBCS). The eddy covariance (EC) method was used to estimate the 
                         airsea sensible- and latent-heat fluxes. This article compares 
                         these novel high-frequency estimates of heat fluxes with bulk 
                         parametrizations made at the same location and time from 
                         independent measurements taken on board the ships. When comparing 
                         the EC and bulk-estimated time series of sensible-heat fluxes, we 
                         found a good agreement both in their magnitude and variability, 
                         with small bias (generally <20 W\⋅m\−2) between the 
                         datasets from the two study areas in the SWAO. However, the EC and 
                         bulk latent-heat flux comparisons show large biases ranging from 
                         75 W\⋅m\−2 to 100 W\⋅m\−2 in the SBCS 
                         and BMC, respectively. These biases were always associated with 
                         short-term, high-frequency environmental perturbations occurring 
                         either in the atmosphere or in the ocean with the majority related 
                         to strong wind burst events and large airsea temperature 
                         gradients. The short period changes in atmospheric conditions were 
                         mostly related to the passage of transient synoptic systems over 
                         the two study areas. The large airsea temperature gradients were 
                         mostly linked to the surface characteristics of the BMC and SBCS 
                         regions, where sharp oceanographic fronts are located. Our results 
                         are able to contribute to improving weather and climate 
                         simulations of the mid- to high latitudes of South America, a 
                         region largely influenced by the sea-surface temperature patterns 
                         of the SWAO in combination with the frequent propagation of 
                         transient atmospheric systems.",
                  doi = "10.1002/qj.3905",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3905",
                 issn = "0035-9009",
                label = "lattes: 0537824080913130 2 SantiniSouzPezzSwar:2020:ObAiHe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "santini_observations.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}